Uncharacteristically, this article commences with an affirmation. “Being human” is not anything to do with race, ethnicity, culture, religion or nationality. If not all that, what does it mean to be human?
1. Common properties and features between humanity and the livable nature
As a separate note, literally, “nature” is “the basic or inherent features, character, or qualities of something.” In Latin, its “natura” which means “being, principle of life; character, essence, course of things, constitution, quality." Nature is therefore the essence of reality.
1.1. Bio-chemistry - in chemistry studies, its learnt that the livable universe is largely made up of Hydrogen (75%), Helium (23%), Oxygen (1%), Carbon (0.5%), Neon (0.13%), Iron (0.15%), Nitrogen (0.10%), among other elements.
The most common chemical elements in the human physical body are Oxygen (65%), Carbon (18%), Hydrogen (10%), Nitrogen (3%), Calcium (1.5%) and Phosphorous (1.2%).
This shows that a human body has bio-chemical properties that are able to fit into the livable universe. Therefore, chemically, the human body has kinship with the livable universe!
1.2. Geography - the livable universe extends lengthwise from East to West, breadthwise from North to South, from the Centre to the circumference, from the Ground to the Sky, from within the depth of the underground to the ground surface and from the valuable minerals underneath to the external features of the plants and mountains.
Likewise, a human body extends lengthwise from the head (East) to the toes placed on the ground (West), breadthwise from one stretched hand (North) to another (South), from the center of the heart to the outer body, from the head to the higher plane of the intellect, and from within the belly of the stomach to the skin surface, and from the body parts within the body to those on the surface.
Therefore, geographically, the human body has kinship with the liveable universe!
1.3. Bone structure – the liveable universe has rocks and human beings have bones. Both rocks and bones contain calcium, phosphorus and sodium.
4. Electromagnetism - all atoms are made up of three sub-atomic particles called electron, proton and neutron. The protons and neutrons are in the middle of the atom. They are called the nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons with a negative charge which are bound to the nucleus by an electromagnetic force. The force affects everything in the liveable universe and it has an infinite range. This electromagnetic force (“prana” in Sanskrit and “chi/qi” in Chinese) is pulsating as it throbs in intense rhythmic motion so that every life experience is about manifestation of energy. This electromagnetic force is within all living things. and as human beings, we are bearers and vehicular expressions of this infinite force.
The liveable universe’s gravitational effects correspond with the electromagnetic force and it is bi-polar nature.
Everything in the liveable universe is a manifestation of the Principle of “Ying and Yang” (“Chi,” Chinese emblem of wholeness or “great ultimate”) or 15th century Neoplatonic “Conjunctio Oppositorum” i.e. the union of the complimentary opposites, as first suggested by the Greek Heraclitus (535-475 BCE).
1.5. Basic elements - the building blocks or constructive powers of the liveable universe are Earth, Water, Fire and Air. There are four states of Matter (Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma); four seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn); and related four qualities of temperature (Cold, Warm/Hot, Moist and Dry).
There are four levels of consciousness: Sensation (associated with the Earth), Emotion (Water), Thought (Air) and Will (Fire) in tandem with the constructive elements of Earth, Water, Air and Fire. The combination of Sensation and Emotion constitutes the animal or lower nature, while that of Thought and Will make up the higher being of human nature.
These are in exactly identical to the chief aspects of bodily existence or the “principal behavioral modes of matter: solidity, fluidity, heat, and oscillation. 1) The solid element is seen most clearly in the body's solid parts — the organs, tissues, and bones; 2) the fluid element, in the bodily fluids; 3) the heat element, in the body's temperature; and 4) the oscillation element, in the respiratory process”. Traditional offerings are corn (poured in the North signifying the Earth), wine (poured in the South signifying Water), oil (poured in the West signifying Fire) and salt (poured in the East signifying Air).
A human being
1) is born with a natural body (Earth),
2) derives existence from the medium of creation which is “Waters of Life” (Water, reproductive fluids of seminal plasma and follicular fluid) of the parents,
3) there is the formation of the brain, spinal cord, and heart (Air) after conception, and
4) makes a journey towards full humanhood with all the life of Energy (Fire).
"We all began life in a world of water, based in warm salty fluid similar to sea water, surrounded by the muted sounds of the outside world and our mother's heartbeat." - BBC Horizon programme, ‘The Nine Months that Made You,’ www.bbc.co.uk/science (2011).
The progressive stages of life are that it moves from
1) Fire (“Will and Thought,” Passion in the Head),
2) Air (“Breath of Life,” in the Chest),
3) Water (“Waters of Life,” of the ovary and sperm) to
4) then produce Earth (Matter, the physical body).
1) Fire (“Will and Thought,” Passion in the Head),
2) Air (“Breath of Life,” in the Chest),
3) Water (“Waters of Life,” of the ovary and sperm) to
4) then produce Earth (Matter, the physical body).
When a child is born, the four elements, Earth, Water, Air and Fire are the building blocks in the body. He/she has a
1) body heat and energy (Fire),
2) breathing capacity (Air),
3) body liquids (Water) and
4) a physical body (Earth).
As one grows old, the person gradually loses these elements to the liveable universe: he/she now needs a lot of warm clothes to generate heat, good ventilation to breath, a lot of liquids to supplement the body dryness because the body cells are dying and are slowly being replaced.
1) body heat and energy (Fire),
2) breathing capacity (Air),
3) body liquids (Water) and
4) a physical body (Earth).
As one grows old, the person gradually loses these elements to the liveable universe: he/she now needs a lot of warm clothes to generate heat, good ventilation to breath, a lot of liquids to supplement the body dryness because the body cells are dying and are slowly being replaced.
We also relate with and experience the world and the liveable universe through fivefold mediums (five elements of Nature) – ether, fire, air/wind, water and earth. The five gross elements of the body are in line with the five elements of Nature:
1) Space Element (spaces and cavities in the body),
2) Fire Element (body temperature i.e. the combustion of oxygen),
3) Air/Wind Element (respiration i.e. “the oxygen which is high energy, combines with hemoglobin in the blood cells, is consumed and released as carbon dioxide”),
4) Water Element (blood and body fluids) and
5) Earth Element (the solid part of the body - bones, flesh, etc).
1.6. Cycles of life - G. de Purucker, "The Four Sacred Seasons" (1979), said the four turning points of the year: the solstices of winter and summer, and the equinoxes of the spring and of the autumn can be considered to symbolise the full life of humans and the universe:
1) Winter Solstice, in which the sun’s power is at its weakest and thus the beginning of the year symbolising Birth, associated with the North. On a daily basis, this is the midnight and the subsequent dawn. The agricultural stage is Tiling;
2) Spring Equinox, in which the sun’s power is on the increase and thus symbolising the trials and the conquest of Growth and Adolescence, associated with the East. On a daily basis, this is the midmorning. The agricultural stage is Sowing/Planting;
3) Summer Solstice, in which the sun’s power is at the strongest and thus symbolising the full-blown strength and power of Adulthood, associated with South. On a daily basis, this is the midday when the intensity of the sun is at its zenith. The agricultural stage is Growing; and
4) Autumnal Equinox, in which the sun’s power is on the wane and thus the time of Death into the underworld, associated with the West. On a daily basis, this is the sunset and the subsequent evening. The agricultural stage is Harvesting.
Human lives share similarities with the "movements" of the sun throughout the year as follows:
1) Winter is the time of consciousness birth, awakening and the commencement of the cycle of time (Great Birth of what is within the shell) from a state of darkness and passions of the ego. We become “increasingly self-aware.”
"Winter is the season when the Great Work commences. It is the season in which nature prepares the ground for the reception of the seed, and separates the fixed from the volatile. In the silent dark soil, the robe of germination is weaved; and so with the darkness of ignorance, to surmount which, we should patiently endure the rigorous discipline that is necessary to our future progress.” "This season is marked by extreme dryness and cold. The days are short and nights are long. Physical strength begins to fall to an all time low. Health is always a major issue. At this stage people tend to become very Spiritual and become mentally prepared for death. Winter ultimately closes the year just like old age closes the life on earth of a person to eternal rest." - Andy Kester Sawian based on John Keats, "The Human Seasons"
2) Spring is associated with adolescence and is the time for “testing and growth” (Great Temptation, so that one can later take a stand as a fully developed master of self).
During spring, "the seeds germinate and push their tender shoots through the dark earth towards the warmth of the sun. This reminds us of the necessity of self-reliance and that energy, courage and persistence are needed to enable one to pierce the darkness of ignorance, so that ideas may be vivified by the radiance of higher consciousness."
3) “We all face times when adversity throws us back on ourselves and we must confront difficult qualities and situations. But it is through such events that we have the opportunity to mature and grow stronger.” "This Season is believed to be the rebirth of Nature's life here on earth. It is characterized by warmth, spots of flora emerging everywhere on the naked ground, sounds of all types of birds in the air, movement of wild animals in the forest and very bright sunshine. This is the Season of optimism and hope. From birth till late childhood, life for every child is almost the beginning of a bright and a shiny future. Childhood is featured by innocence, physical stamina and vitality, tremendous urge for the outdoors and a tremendous appetite for fun and play. Activities have no limits. Each and everyone of us miss our childhood days." - Andy Kester Sawian based on John Keats, "The Human Seasons" (1818).
4) Summer is associated with adulthood – an informed choice is made between paths of altruism and egoism (Great Renunciation, to live a glorious, involved and active life of the Master, as a Teacher and Guide of others).
During summer, plants bloom filling the environment with fragrance but may be poisonous. This means that a person needs to fix his mental attention on what is infinite and be cautious that the pleasures of life may contain a snare set for one's downfall. “Do we pursue progress for our own advancement or in order to help all beings end their suffering and reach spiritual liberation? As adults, the choice between a prevailing motive of self-centeredness or altruism confronts us constantly as we carry out our responsibilities. Day in and day out, we create habits that eventually cause us to typically lean toward one approach or the other. This solstice is used to emphasize the centrality of the path of compassion.” – Sally Dougherty, Solstices and Equinoxes, March 2009.
5) "Summer is the season of fertility and immense harvest. It is marked by pleasantness, warm Summer rain and a blooming of vegetation. The fish of the waters swim adventurously in the gushing streams and rivers. The Earth itself is manifested with esteemed life. Similarly, Youth is marked by the end of Childhood innocence, beginning of self-consciousness and high spirits of Romance. It is the peak and the glorious age of life. Each and everyone of us decides which path in life to take and the plans to settle with the best of everything. Beauty and attraction symbolizes the physical color of youth." - Andy Kester Sawian based on John Keats, "The Human Seasons" (1818).
6) Autumn is associated with the effects or results and reward of our lives (Great Passing). During autumn, nature has completed its work and the fruits are ready for gathering to provide food for those forms of life depending on nature for sustenance.
7) Likewise, a person should use the fruits of his knowledge for his/her own advancement, for the benefit of fellow human beings and for those still in ignorance (whose figurative is the cold darkness of Winter). Each man "will be rewarded according to his own labour." The beastly aspect (Lower Self) of human nature is full of ignorance and should “die” so that the divine potential within can be discovered and actualised through individual ingenuity, innovation and creativity.
8) "Autumn is characterized by beginning of dryness and slow deterioration of leaves of trees and plants. Everything around begins to fade away and begins to look shabby. The incoming chilling breeze blowing in all directions add to the gloom of nature. Similarly, Middle age is featured by a very slowly degrading physical strength, slight change in outward appearance, relaxed mood, and burdened with matured activities. By this time, all are treading towards old age. We see life differently and quite often worry about the generation, quite often our own off springs. The main feature of Middle age is Parenthood. We also learn to look back at our own lives and become very nostalgic." - Andy Kester Sawian based on John Keats, "The Human Seasons" (1818).
Every form of Life:
1) begins in the infinitesimal beginning as pre-natal in the North (i.e. conception happening in the darkness of the watery chaos and abyss of the womb or the Winter) with all the potency full of possibilities;
2) gradually enters life in the East at sunrise (i.e. Birth or the Spring);
3) moves to the South when the Sun is at its meridian at noon as a balance between life and death (i.e. Maturity or Summer); and
4) then to the West at sunset when the day ends (at Death or the Autumn).
Therefore, the Human Body thus corresponds with and mirrors the liveable Universe.
2. Common properties and features between humanity and plants
2.1. Cellular properties: human beings, animals and plants share Cytoplasm (“the material or protoplasm within a living cell”), Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes (“a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells”), Mitochondria (“an organelle or a specialized structures within a living cell in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur”), Golgi apparatus (“a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport”), microtubules (“a microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures”), proteins and carbohydrates (in tissues).
2.2. Genetic properties: RNA (i.e. ribonucleic acid, “a nucleic acid present in all living cells whose principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins”), DNA (i.e. deoxyribonucleic acid, “a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes, and is the carrier of genetic information”), ATP (i.e. adenosine triphosphate, “a compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue”), etc.
2.3. Growth: Humans, animals and plants both grow in response to nutritional availability and other environmental conditions.
2.4. Respiration: “a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.” Although humans and animals intake oxygen, plants intake carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Humans use the nose while plants use leaves.
2.5. Response to stimuli: a stimulant is “a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.” Plants as well as humans and animals respond to their internal and external environment.
2.6. Reproduction: Human, animals and plants possess reproductive capacity.
2.7. Defense: Plants use chemicals to repel animals while humans physically engage in a fight or flight mode in response to danger.
2.8. Body parts - internal human body parts are closely related to and resemble natural fruits and vegetables in shape while such plants provide medicinal and nutritional effects to the body parts: carrot-eye, tomato-heart, walnut-brain, kidney beans-kidneys, sweet potatoes-pancreas, olives-ovaries, avocadoes-womb/uterus, celery and rhubarb-bones, mushroom-ear, grapes-lungs, onions-skin cells, citrus fruits-female mammary glands, figs-testicles, ginger-stomach.
2.9. Death: human, animals and plants die when their cells can no longer sustain their lives. They all have a lifespan.
3. Common properties and features of humans and animals
According to the Etymology Dictionary, the English word “animal” is an early 14th century word. It means "any living creature" (including humans). It is derived from Latin “animale” for a "living being, being which breathes" or “animalis” for “having breath.”
“Animale” is a neuter of “animalis,” which means, "animate, living; of the air," from “anima” which is "breath; a current of air." The Latin word is related to Greek “anemos” for "wind" and Sanskrit “aniti” for "breathes."
3.1. Anatomy: Humans and animals (especially mammals) possess specific organs that fall into a category of specialized mechanical functions that support and sustain life. Both humans and animals (especially mammals) have the mechanically organic (bio-chemical) operations made up of 1) physical body actions or motor reflexes, 2) organs of locomotion, 3) brain and nervous system, 4) organs of generation (reproductive), 5) digestive, 6) urinary, 7) sensory, 8) endocrine, 9) circulatory and 10) nervous systems.
3.2. Stages of life: Animals and humans share the same stages of life – conception out of masculine and feminine principles, pregnancy, birth, youth, maturity and death.
3.3. Dependence on nature: All animals as well as humans depend on the basic elements of nature for survival and sustenance of life i.e. earth, water, air and fire.
3.4. Motility: the ability to move spontaneously, independently and actively, consuming energy in the process. Both humans and animals have this ability.
3.5. Reproduction: the embryos of both humans and animals pass through a blastula stage (an embryo at the early stage of development when it is a hollow ball of cells) during growth.
3.6. Heterotrophs: humans and animals ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance.
3.7. Movement: Humans and animals are endowed with body parts that enable them with locomotive characteristics. They possess protruding body parts (limbs) that allow movement from one location to another.
3.8. Defense mechanism: Humans and animals are inclined to experience fear and resist danger directly or indirectly. Once danger to life, or threat of harm is perceived a set of action is engaged as a defense mechanism.
3.9. Socialization: Animals just like human are characterized by social behaviors which manifests as simple interactions between one another up to the extent of having a recognizable group or society where they co-exist together their interactions usually bothers on territory, playing, mating, sourcing of sustenance (food resources) and leadership. This equally entails that both animals and human are capable of having disputes which can also be resolved.
3.10. Nurturing of young: Animals and humans are naturally inclined to take care of their young. In mammalian specie, breastfeeding is done exclusively until the young is able to feed and digest other materials other than the breast milk.
3.11. Intellect: Humans and animals exhibit various levels of intelligence which are expressed by their physical actions although animals have a Lower “Manas” (Mind) that operates by repetition, habit and instruction.
3.12. Consciousness: Animals and humans both experience a sense of awareness of their physical environment and treatment.
“We can use mammalian organs and tissues, such as a pig's heart valve, to replace our own malfunctioning body parts. A vast industry conducts research on animals to test drugs and procedures intended for humans because human and animal bodies are so profoundly alike.” Prof. Thomas Suddendorf, “What Makes Us Human?” (2013) - www.huffingtonpost.com/thomas-suddendorf/what-makes-us-human_b_4414357.html
The above is a human being's Plant and Animal Plane and consists of the dense body (structure and form) and the animating (invigorating) aspects of the breath of life or vitality body (“Prana” in Sanskrit and “Nephesh” in Hebrew) and astral body (“Kama-rupa” in Sanskrit), consisting of bodily feelings, emotions, appetites and passions “always seeking fresh gratification.”
As human beings, we are a combination of three natural attributes and features of the liveable universe, plant and animal lives.
4. What makes us human? What makes us different from non-human forms of life?
Race is best considered a biological aspect of surface anatomy consisting of skin pigmentation, facial features and texture of hair. These three aspects of the surface anatomy are inconsequential to what a human being is and can freely achieve, willfully accomplish and live a productive life.
The physical biological structure and organisation of a human being is the combination of the unchanging properties and features of nature (or essence) - the liveable universe, plants and animals (mammals). At this primary stage, human existence is organismic and also a reflection of nature at microcosmic level.
The operation of natural laws (i.e. Laws of Nature) are mindless, impersonal and mechanically routine. They are based on the "self-regulation of processes in the organism as a stable integral system."
At the organismic level, physical or primary level, the human being is part of the inter-connectedness of nature and therefore obeys and is subjected to its mindless and impersonal necessity without autonomous determination.
At the secondary level, everything becomes an aspect and expression of the mind through three ways - sensation, feeling and intuitive thought. This means that the mind's activities are objectively embodied in mentally growing, developing and learning language, social and communicative norms, human-made matter and the results of labour or causative effort.
What makes us human is therefore:
1. Possession of an intelligence that makes it possible to reason (know and understand or comprehend), discern (judge) and effortfully cause.
2. Possession of the faculty of discernment so that one is able to present to him/herself "possible courses of action and evaluate whether a given action is appropriate or not, including evaluating whether" sensations, emotions, thoughts and willful actions are necessary or not.
3. Possession of the faculty of agency and power of causation.
The effects of the three grand faculties (reasoning, discernment and causation) are unique to human beings and are based in the mind. These are the abilities, capacities and constitutive powers to:
1. form and nurture skills and competencies to rationally think and solve problems.
2. develop the capacity to discover, aspire and then transform or grow.
3. create new and favourable conditions for living, moral agency and self-expression.
Every and all human beings share the same kinship of origin. This consists of two things – firstly, the same genetic complex formula and secondly, is subject to the four forces of nature - gravity (pulls you down), electromagnetic force (holds atoms together), strong force (holds the nucleus together) and weak force (for radioactive decay).
“Being human” is more than being biological. It is a realisation and about nurturing! It means the willful effort to internally discover and externally actualise the grand faculties or cosmic powers of human agency consisting of reasoning, discernment and causation. Avoiding dogma, this stimulates eager curiosity and free inquiry for an unending examination of life, encourages creative and innovative ideas, enables continuous discovery of and upholds human dignity and worth, growth and development.
A well-nurtured life means acknowledging and supporting humanity’s capacity to be the centre and instrument of cause and morality with an “unending (examination) of basic assumptions and convictions” by being “ever open to experimental testing, newly discovered facts, and more rigorous reasoning.” This is the affirmation that a human being has the agency and causative power to creatively and innovatively solve any problem, through reliance primarily upon reason and scientific method applied with humility, fortitude and prudence. This is “nurtured” over nature.
Literally, “nurture” is the willful upbringing, education, socialisation and encouragement. All aspects of nurturing are effects and products of the mind! No acts of humanitarian benevolence or paternalistic goodwill from anyone can substitute the internal discovery and external manifestation of human agency and causation. Such purported acts or gestures of goodwill have the “slow and cumulative effect of sapping the energy” of the individual and collective human agency that it amounts to lethal subduing and a grievous assault on another’s humanity.
The three grand faculties or cosmic powers of human agency requiring “nurturing” and this is done through the family, education system, public media and fraternal organisations.
Firstly, Reasoning, this is the faculty to understand, think and examine rationally and explore logically, apply knowledge innovatively and make decisions responsibly to accept the consequences, results and effects of one’s choices, decisions and actions, i.e. to each person the fruit of that which he/she sows as "the fruit lies in the seed." This is the faculty that makes it possible to inquire, analyse, compare and further research so that a voluntary choice, informed decision and prudent action is based on sound and sensible facts. By this faculty, a human being consents to lawful authority, vigorously explores and continuously re-examines established traditions and customs and socially conditioned existence according to new discoveries and convictions. According to German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, reason by itself is the final arbiter and source of obligation.
This faculty of reasoning provides the basis of three affirmations that a human being has dormant or active capacity:
· To be the agent and instrument of cause with an “unending (examination) of basic assumptions and convictions” by being “ever open to experimental testing, newly discovered facts, and more rigorous reasoning”;
· To creatively and innovatively solve any problem, through reliance primarily upon truthful reason and virtuous scientific method applied with humility, temperance, fortitude and prudence; and
· To be responsible over the effects, results and consequences of his/her own willful or voluntary choices, informed decisions and prudent actions.
Secondly, Discernment, this is the faculty of cognizing, freewill or the exercise of moral agency i.e. the ability to judge and determine what is good and bad, right and wrong. What is good and bad, or right and wrong? That which sustains the human well-being or flourishing (“eudaimonia” in Greek). The achievements about human life were depicted in Pharaonic ancient Egypt with a phrase, “ankh, wedja, seneb,” which meant “life, prosperity, health” or “to live, to prosper, be well.” A healthy and supportive upbringing nurtures such a possibility. The result is that of a private and and public life of a high sense of honour or integrity in the work involved, dutifulness or responsibility to what is expected of us with fervency and strong eagerness, and better and sustainably improving standards of service.
"Nullius in verba" is Latin for “nothing in words," later to be "take nobody's word or authority for it." This is an expression of the conviction to withstand the domination of any kind of authority and to verify everything by an appeal to experience, reasonability and facts. This is determined by examination, exploration and experimental evidence.
Immanuel Kant in the essay "What is Enlightenment?," contextually translates it as “have the courage to use your own understanding." He also wrote, "If I have a book to serve as my understanding, a pastor to serve as my conscience, a physician to determine my diet for me, and so on, I need not exert myself at all. I need not think, if only I can pay: others will readily undertake the irksome work for me. But if I act in this way, I remain in a state of self-imposed tutelage, which is the very opposite of Enlightenment."
A legal maxim based on the saying of Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis (jurist of the French Revolution), thus: "Non ratione imperii, sed imperio rationis" is Latin for "not for reason of authority or power, but for the authority or power of reason." This makes it possible for one to look at the power or authority of an argument rather than the power or authority of the person saying it.
Thirdly, Causation – this is the faculty of causality. Actions have consequences. Causes have effects. Causality or causative energy is either a passive or an active power of every human being. It is the power or faculty of imagination, innovation and creativity to mentally and physically shape, fabricate, weave, mould and form. To be a mover, shaker and game changer, one needs to discover, activate and actualise the indwelling causative energy.
The powers of human agency are all activities of the Mind and the Mind is nurtured in the school, family and fraternal organisations but not through rote learning type of educational curriculum.
The word “mind” is derived from “manas” Sankrit (ancient language of India) for “thinker,” Latin “mens,” the thinking, judging and measuring principle while in Greek its called “nous” or “logos” for causative intellect and reason.
#HumanConsciousness
